Inspect and adapt are often called the pillars of the scrum process. You find this paradigm in many events of a sprint like daily standup, planning, review and retrospective.
Inspect and adapt are a consequence of the complex nature of our work (and life): since we can’t plan e.g. a whole project, we have to move in small increments and learn often (“inspect”) and implement the learning onto a better process (“adapt”).
Links:
https://resources.scrumalliance.org/Article/inspect-adapt-scrum
Albrecht Günther 